Snakebite treatment: antivenom and blood transfusion for pet

Venomous snakes in Thailand, such as cobras, king cobras, green pit vipers, and kraits, are most active during the rainy season when they often flee flooding and enter gardens or homes. Dogs, especially playful puppies, are at higher risk of being bitten due to curiosity and lack of caution.

Types of Snake Venom
Snake venom generally falls into two main categories:
1. Neurotoxic venom – Found in snakes like cobras, kraits, and king cobras. This type affects the nervous system, causing muscle weakness, paralysis, and potentially respiratory failure, which can lead to death.
2. Hematotoxic venom – Found in green pit vipers, Malayan pit vipers, and Russell’s vipers. It interferes with blood clotting, leading to internal bleeding, vomiting blood, or visible bruising.

Symptoms and Progression
Symptoms can appear within 3–12 hours, depending on the snake type and amount of venom. Without urgent care, pets can die within hours of a venomous snakebite.

Case Example: A Pet Bitten by a Cobra
A young dog was bitten by a cobra in a backyard garden. The owner noticed pain, swelling, and fang marks on the dog’s right hind leg. Within hours, the dog showed signs of labored breathing, tremors, and unconsciousness—classic symptoms of cobra venom poisoning.

Upon arrival at Erawan Pet Hospital, the pet had unstable vital signs, abnormal heart rhythm, and early signs of paralysis. Emergency treatment began with cobra-specific antivenom to neutralize the venom in the bloodstream. Due to severe tissue damage and internal bleeding, a blood transfusion was also performed to replace lost red blood cells and stabilize the pet.

First Aid for Snakebite in Pets
If you suspect a snakebite, stay calm and follow these steps:
1. Identify the snake – Take a photo or bring the dead snake (if safe) to help the vet choose the right antivenom.
2. Clean the wound – Rinse with clean water or saline to reduce infection.
3. Keep your pet still – Movement spreads the venom faster.
4. Do not apply a tourniquet or cut the wound – These can cause more damage.
5. Get emergency veterinary help immediately – Time is critical.

Treatment: Antivenom and Blood Transfusion
Antivenom treatment must match the snake species and be given within 2–6 hours of the bite for best results. In severe cases with blood loss or organ damage, a blood transfusion may be necessary, along with pain relief, anti-inflammatory medication, and antibiotics to prevent secondary infections.

Prevention Tips for Pet Owners
- Clear vegetation and debris from the yard to eliminate hiding spots.
- Plant snake-repellent herbs, such as mother-in-law’s tongue or Indian heliotrope.
- Train your pets to avoid unfamiliar objects or wildlife.
- Be extra cautious during the rainy season when snakes are more active.

Prompt Action Can Save Your Pet’s Life
A venomous snakebite is a true emergency. Quick first aid, timely antivenom, and supportive care like blood transfusion can make the difference between life and death. The case of “Maphrao” the dog highlights the importance of acting fast and seeking professional help.

At Erawan Pet Hospital, we’re fully equipped to handle venomous emergencies. Our 24-hour vet team and ready supply of antivenoms ensure your beloved pet receives the fastest and safest care possible.